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The two most important characters in your story are your protagonist and your antagonist. They both must be equally developed and dynamic. After all, no one looks heroic, brave, or is worth cheering for if they don’t break a sweat—if everything comes easily to them. How annoying is that! We cheer for the underdog, the weakling facing the school bully, those who put everything on the line knowing their chances of winning are slim or impossible.
This is the beyond basics blog, so let’s look at antagonists a little deeper. I wrote in an earlier post that your protagonist may not be your main character – that distinction is important. The antagonist is the source of the opposing plot movement and they get to win quite a bit right up until the end of your story. The antagonist is a role.
The villain is any character who opposes your protagonist. Consider Disney’s The Lion King. Scar is the big bad antagonist for little Simba. It’s Scar’s opposition that moves the story ahead. The hyenas Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed are villains, they oppose Simba, but they’re not antagonists—they don’t move the plot ahead. Do you see the difference?
Your story could have an antagonist (or more than one) and villains, or your antagonist could also be the villain. The tips below aren’t prescriptive. Your antagonist doesn’t NEED to be a foil or a mirror, for instance, but if you want to take your writing to the next level here’s some things to think about.
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Crafting A Compelling Antagonist
What’s A Foil?
A foil doesn’t have to be your antagonist (sometimes a foil character is a sidekick, villain, or love interest), but they are your protagonist’s opposite. Whatever values your protagonist holds, the foil holds the opposite. Spock is a foil to Captain Kirk—all logic or all instinct. The Evil Queen is a foil to Snow White. Gollum and Bilbo both act as foils for Frodo–possibilities of what he could become (The Lord of the Rings). A foil is used to highlight the inner strengths and weaknesses of the protagonist by showing the opposite. This is what they would look like if they took x or y path. A foil helps readers better understand the protagonist’s traits and motivations.
How Are Mirrors Different From Foils?
A mirror character reflects back your protagonist’s qualities like a mirror. These are the bad guys who turn to the hero at some point and say with an evil smile, “We’re not so different, you and I.” Of course, they’ll differ in one or two significant ways usually in their morals, desires, and/or actions. The mirror character can shift between ally and antagonist and so is often a very complex character to write. Though a mirror doesn’t have to be an antagonist (Hans Solo is a mirror for Luke Skywalker) the antagonists who are mirrors are very compelling—consider Clarice Starling and Hannibal Lector.
“Dear Clarice, I have followed with enthusiasm the course of your disgrace and public shaming. My own never bothered me, except for the inconvenience of being incarcerated. But you may lack perspective. ~Hannibal”
Antagonists who are either mirrors or foils are crafted intentionally with a good amount of forethought. They are complex by nature and must play off of your protagonist, often with more than one face-to-face encounter.
How To Make Your Antagonist Menacing
Backstory – Your antagonist needs a past and a history. Evil is grown not born. Even if it never comes out in the story, you need to know what made them like this.
Justified – Your antagonist is the hero of their own story and must believe they are completely justified in their thoughts and actions.
A Moral Code – Your antagonist can’t be completely bad all the time. Let them rescue kittens, love their moms, never break their word, whatever. Some antagonists have a moral framework they restrict themselves to–they only kidnap and murder husbands who cheat on their wives, for instance.
Heighten Tension – Let the antagonist constantly be within reach of their goals. Nothing ratchets up the tension more than a bad guy/girl who almost has everything they want while tripping up the protagonist.
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